Author: areeb62988

Topic 1- Formal vs. Informal English

Formal vs. Informal English

In English, we use different types of language depending on who we are talking to, where we are, and what the situation is. These types of language are called formal and informal. Let’s learn about them!

1. What is Formal English?

Formal English is the type of English we use when we need to sound serious, polite, or respectful. It’s usually used in official situations, like at school, work, or when speaking to people we don’t know well or who are older than us.

• Example:
  • Formal: “Could you please help me with my homework?”
  • This sounds polite and respectful.

Formal English often:

• Uses complete sentences.
• Avoids contractions (like “don’t” or “can’t”).
• Uses more polite words and phrases.

2. What is Informal English?

Informal English is the type of English we use when we are talking to our friends, family, or people we know well. It’s more relaxed and casual.

• Example:
  • Informal: “Hey, can you help me with my homework?”
  • This is a casual way of asking for help.

Informal English often:

• Uses short sentences or just words.
• Uses contractions (like “don’t” or “can’t”).
• Uses more casual language.

When Do We Use Formal and Informal English?

• Use formal English when:
  • Writing a letter to a teacher or principal.
  • Talking to strangers or people in authority (like your boss or a police officer).
  • Giving a presentation or speech.
  • Writing a report or doing school assignments.
• Use informal English when:
  • Talking to friends or family.
  • Chatting in text messages or on social media.
  • Relaxing at home or in fun situations.

Examples of Formal vs. Informal English

1. Asking for something:
   • Formal: “May I please have a glass of water?”
   • Informal: “Can I have some water?”
2. Saying thank you:
   • Formal: “I sincerely appreciate your help.”
   • Informal: “Thanks a lot!”
3. Asking a question:
   • Formal: “Would you be able to assist me with this?”
   • Informal: “Can you help me with this?”

Quick Review

• Formal English is used for serious situations or when you want to show respect. It’s more polite and doesn’t use contractions.
• Informal English is used for relaxed situations with friends and family. It’s more casual and uses contractions.

Topic 2- Idiomatic Expressions

Idiomatic Expressions

Idiomatic expressions are phrases where the meaning is not exactly what the words say. They are like secret codes that we use in everyday speech. When we use them, we don’t mean the words literally, but we are saying something in a special way.

What is an Idiomatic Expression?

An idiom is a group of words that, when used together, have a meaning that is different from the meanings of the individual words.

• Example:
  • “Break the ice”
    • This does not mean you are actually breaking ice! It means to start a conversation or make people feel more comfortable in a new situation.

Examples of Idiomatic Expressions

Here are some common idioms that you might hear:

1. “Piece of cake”
   • Meaning: Something is very easy.
   • Example: “This math problem is a piece of cake!”
     (It means the math problem is very easy to solve.)
2. “Under the weather”
   • Meaning: Feeling sick.
   • Example: “I’m feeling a little under the weather today.”
     (It means you are feeling unwell or sick.)
3. “Hit the nail on the head”
   • Meaning: To say or do something exactly right.
   • Example: “You really hit the nail on the head when you said we needed more practice.”
     (It means you made a perfect suggestion.)
4. “Bite the bullet”
   • Meaning: To do something difficult or unpleasant.
   • Example: “I don’t want to go to the dentist, but I’ll have to bite the bullet.”
     (It means facing something unpleasant because it has to be done.)
5. “Spill the beans”
   • Meaning: To tell a secret or reveal something.
   • Example: “I accidentally spilled the beans about her surprise party!”
     (It means you told a secret you weren’t supposed to share.)

Why Do We Use Idiomatic Expressions?

• Makes our language fun: Idioms can make speaking or writing more interesting.
• Express feelings: They help us show emotions or ideas in a different way.
• More creative: They let us be more creative in the way we express ourselves.

Quick Review

• Idiomatic expressions are phrases where the meaning is different from the literal words.
• Examples:
  • “Piece of cake”: Something is easy.
  • “Under the weather”: Feeling sick.
  • “Hit the nail on the head”: Saying something exactly right.
  • “Bite the bullet”: Do something tough.
  • “Spill the beans”: Tell a secret.

Topic 3- Collocations

Collocations

Collocations are two or more words that usually go together in English. These words often sound right when we put them together, even though their meanings don’t depend on the individual words. It’s like when two words are friends and they fit together well.

What are Collocations?

In simple words, a collocation is a pair or group of words that often appear together. Some words sound natural when they are used together, while others might sound strange.

For example, we say “make a cake” but not “do a cake”. Even though both “make” and “do” are action words, “make a cake” is what we say, and it sounds natural.

Types of Collocations

Here are some types of collocations:

1. Verb + Noun
   • Example: Make a decision
     • (We say “make a decision” instead of “do a decision”.)
2. Adjective + Noun
   • Example: Strong coffee
     • (We say “strong coffee” not “powerful coffee”.)
3. Noun + Noun
   • Example: School bus
     • (We say “school bus” instead of “education bus”.)
4. Verb + Adverb
   • Example: Speak loudly
     • (We say “speak loudly” instead of “speak hard”.)
5. Adverb + Adjective
   • Example: Very happy
     • (We say “very happy” not “extremely happy” in some situations.)

Why are Collocations Important?

• Sound natural: Knowing collocations helps you speak and write like a native speaker. It helps you use words that fit together naturally.
• More fluent: Using collocations makes you sound fluent and comfortable with the language.
• Easier to understand: If you use the right collocations, people will understand you better.

Examples of Common Collocations

• Make a plan
• Take a photo
• Do homework
• Catch a cold
• Break a promise
• Give a speech
• Watch TV
• Tell a story

Quick Review

• Collocations are words that naturally go together.
• Examples:
  • Make a decision (not “do a decision”)
  • Strong coffee (not “powerful coffee”)
  • Take a photo (not “make a photo”)
• Using collocations helps you sound more natural and fluent when speaking English.

PLEASE GO AND READ CHAPTER 14. *#THANKS FOR VISITING, VISIT AGAIN#* 😊