Topic 1- Prefixes and Suffixes
Prefixes and Suffixes
Prefixes and suffixes are special parts that we can add to the beginning or end of a word to change its meaning. They help us make new words or change how a word works in a sentence.
1. What is a Prefix?
A prefix is a part of a word that comes before the main part of the word (the root). It changes the meaning of the word.
- Example: Unhappy
- “Un-“ is a prefix. It changes the word “happy” into its opposite. So, “unhappy” means not happy.
Common Prefixes and Their Meanings:
- Un-: means not or opposite of
- Example: Unhappy = not happy
- Re-: means again
- Example: Replay = play again
- Pre-: means before
- Example: Preheat = heat before
- Dis-: means not or opposite of
- Example: Disagree = not agree
- Mis-: means wrong or badly
- Example: Misplace = put something in the wrong place
2. What is a Suffix?
A suffix is a part of a word that comes after the main part of the word (the root). It can change the word into a different type of word (like turning a noun into an adjective or a verb into a noun).
- Example: Happiness
- “-ness” is a suffix. It turns the adjective “happy” into a noun, so “happiness” means the state of being happy.
Common Suffixes and Their Meanings:
- -ness: makes a noun that means a state or quality
- Example: Happiness = the state of being happy
- -ly: makes an adverb, showing how something is done
- Example: Quickly = in a quick way
- -ful: means full of
- Example: Beautiful = full of beauty
- -able: means can be
- Example: Readable = can be read
- -er or -or: means a person who does something
- Example: Teacher = a person who teaches
- Example: Actor = a person who acts
How Prefixes and Suffixes Change Words
When you add a prefix, it often changes the meaning of the word, but it doesn’t change the type of word (like noun, verb, etc.).
- Prefix Example:
- Unlock = to open something that is locked
- Un-* changes “lock” to its opposite.
When you add a suffix, it often changes the type of word. For example, it can change a verb into a noun or an adjective into an adverb.
- Suffix Example:
- Quick (adjective) → Quickly (adverb)
- Teach (verb) → Teacher (noun)
Quick Review
- Prefixes go at the beginning of a word and change its meaning.
- Example: Unhappy = not happy
- Suffixes go at the end of a word and can change the type of word (like turning a noun into an adjective).
- Example: Happiness = state of being happy
Topic 2- Root Words
Root Words
A root word is the base or main part of a word. It’s the word that gives the basic meaning and can be turned into new words by adding prefixes or suffixes.
Think of a root word like the core of a tree. The roots give the tree its strength and help it grow. In the same way, the root word gives the meaning to the new words.
What is a Root Word?
The root word is the word without any prefixes or suffixes. It’s the main part of the word that stays the same, no matter what prefixes or suffixes are added.
- Example:
- “Happy” is the root word. You can add a prefix like “un-“ to make “unhappy” (meaning not happy).
- “Run” is the root word. You can add a suffix like “-ning” to make “running” (meaning to run right now).
Examples of Root Words and How They Change
- Root Word: “Play”
- Add “-er” (a suffix): “Player” (a person who plays).
- Add “re-“ (a prefix): “Replay” (to play again).
- Root Word: “Read”
- Add “-er”: “Reader” (a person who reads).
- Add “-ing”: “Reading” (the action of reading).
- Root Word: “Help”
- Add “-ful”: “Helpful” (someone who helps).
- Add “-ing”: “Helping” (the action of helping).
Why Are Root Words Important?
Root words are important because they help us understand the meaning of other words that are made from them. Once we know the root word, we can figure out what other words with the same root might mean.
Quick Review
- A root word is the base part of a word that gives the main meaning.
- We can add prefixes (at the beginning) or suffixes (at the end) to the root word to make new words.
- Examples:
- Play → Player
- Read → Reader
- Help → Helpful
Topic 3- Compounding
Compounding:-
Compounding is when we combine two words together to make a new word with a new meaning. It’s like putting two pieces of a puzzle together to make a complete picture.
How Does Compounding Work?
When we compound two words, we put them together to form a new word. The new word usually has the meanings of both of the original words.
- Example 1:
- “Sun” + “flower” = “Sunflower”
- A sunflower is a flower that grows in the sun. It combines sun and flower to make one new word.
- “Sun” + “flower” = “Sunflower”
- Example 2:
- “Tooth” + “brush” = “Toothbrush”
- A toothbrush is something used to brush your teeth. It combines tooth and brush to create a new meaning.
- “Tooth” + “brush” = “Toothbrush”
Types of Compound Words
There are three types of compound words:
- Closed compound words: Two words joined together without a space.
- Example: Football = “foot” + “ball”
- Example: Bedroom = “bed” + “room”
- Hyphenated compound words: Two words joined together with a hyphen (-).
- Example: Mother-in-law = “mother” + “in” + “law”
- Example: Check-in = “check” + “in”
- Open compound words: Two words are written separately but are used together to form a new meaning.
- Example: Post office = “post” + “office”
- Example: Ice cream = “ice” + “cream”
Why is Compounding Important?
Compounding helps us create new words easily, and it allows us to describe things more clearly by combining two ideas into one word.
For example, if we want to talk about something that happens in the air, we can use the word “airplane” (air + plane). Instead of saying “a plane that flies in the air,” we can just say airplane!
Quick Review
- Compounding is when two words are combined to make a new word.
- There are three types of compound words:
- Closed compound words: No space between the words. (e.g., football)
- Hyphenated compound words: Words connected by a hyphen. (e.g., mother-in-law)
- Open compound words: Words written separately but together in meaning. (e.g., ice cream)
PLEASE GO AND READ CHAPTER 13. *#THANKS FOR VISITING, VISIT AGAIN#* 😊
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