FORCE

Definition of Force-

• Anything puss or pull is known as force.
• The force cause the any type of movement of an object.
• Force is vector quantity.
• It is generally represented by F.
• F = m a, where m is mass, a is acceleration and F is force.
• The S.I. unit of force is Newton(N).
• 1 Newton-It is defined as the force required to accelerate a one-kilogram mass by one meter per second square.
  • 1 N = Kg m / s²
• Dimension of force is [M¹L¹T^-2].
• The C.G.S unit of force is Dyne.
• There are two main types of forces-

1. Contact Force- When two object are physically connected to each other is called contact force. Examples- friction force, tension force, etc.
2. Non-contact force: Force that acts on an object without touching it. Examples- Gravity, electrostatic force, magnetic force, etc.

Newton’s Laws of Motion–

These are three fundamental principles that describe how force affects motion.

• First Law (Inertia): An object will stay at rest or keep moving at constant speed unless a force acts on it. This is why things don’t start moving unless you push them.
• Second Law (F = ma): The force on an object equals its mass times its acceleration. This means heavier objects need more force to move, and objects will move faster if you apply more force.
• Third Law (Action and Reaction): For every action (force) there is an equal and opposite reaction. For example, when you jump off a boat, the boat moves backward.

Advanced Concept–

• Vector Nature of Force: Force has both magnitude (how strong the force is) and direction (where the force is applied). Forces are vectors, meaning they can be combined, added, or canceled out depending on their directions.
• Friction and Motion: Forces like friction play a big role in real-world scenarios. While forces can make objects move, friction can slow them down. Engineers often design ways to reduce friction, like in cars or airplanes, to make them move more efficiently.
• Gravitational Force and Orbits: Gravity is the force that keeps planets, moons, and satellites in orbit. The Earth pulls objects towards it, and similarly, objects like the Moon pull the Earth.
• Work-Energy Theorem: When you apply force over a distance, you do work, and this work is connected to energy. The more force you apply over a longer distance, the more energy is transferred to an object.
• Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation: Every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force that depends on their masses and the distance between them. This is how planets orbit the Sun and how gravity works everywhere in space.
• Relativity and Force: In Einstein’s theory of general relativity, force isn’t just a push or pull; gravity is understood as the curvature of space-time caused by mass and energy.
• Quantum Mechanics and Force: In the tiny world of atoms and particles, forces like electromagnetic force and the weak force are explained by the exchange of particles called photons and bosons. This is a whole other level of understanding!